## anonymous 4 years ago Find all prime numbers $$p$$ such that$\frac{2^{p-1}-1}{p}$is a perfect square

1. anonymous

@ganeshie8 @sauravshakya

2. anonymous

@Neemo this group is a good place for us amigo :)

3. anonymous

*

4. anonymous

$p=3 ;\, \quad \frac{2^{p-1}-1}{p}=1\\ p=7 ;\, \quad \frac{2^{p-1}-1}{p}=9\\$

5. anonymous

I think that this is all the primes solutions. I am still working on proving it.

6. anonymous

yes sir thats just $$p=3,7$$

7. anonymous

@ganeshie8 got any idea?

8. ganeshie8

not yet, $$\frac{2^{p-1}-1}{p} = n^2$$ $$2^{p-1} - 1= p*n^2$$

9. ganeshie8

not getting any ideas :S

10. anonymous

p=2 is not answer so p is odd$(2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1)(2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1)=pn^2$

11. ganeshie8

very well that makes sense muku.... now we use the factoring thing as we did in prev problems... or this one is hard ?

12. anonymous

no this is not about factoring after this

13. ganeshie8

left side factors are co-prime

14. anonymous

ahh thats the point gane

15. ganeshie8

so n^2 must equal to one of the factors ?

16. ganeshie8

or if one factor is 1, other factor can equal pn^2

17. ganeshie8

that looks wrong, cuz if n^2 = k^2m^2l^2... , then few prime factors for ex, k^2m^2 can make first factor, while remaining pl^2 can make the second factor.. hmm

18. anonymous

ur first guess is right but we need to make that more accurate

19. ganeshie8

we can say n^2 must equal one of the factors ? i dont see hw :|

20. ganeshie8

il grab som coffee brb :)

21. anonymous

ok suppose that p is divisor of first factor $\frac{2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1}{p}(2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1)=n^2$

22. anonymous

again$\gcd(\frac{2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1}{p}\ , \ 2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1)=1$

23. anonymous

so one of the factors is 1 and other is n^2

24. ganeshie8

i believe u muku but i dont understand how thats possible, $$\frac{2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1}{p}(2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1)=n^2$$ lets say first factor = k^2, and second factor = m^2 n = km hw can we say one of the factor must equal n^2 ?

25. anonymous

gane im wrong

26. anonymous

and ur last reply is our start point...so lets work on that

27. anonymous

but im sure this is right :) if $$ab=n^2$$ and $$\gcd(a,b)=1$$ then$a=m^2$$b=k^2$

28. anonymous

@ganeshie8

29. anonymous

suppose that $$p$$ is a divisor of $$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1$$$\frac{2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1}{p}(2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1)=n^2$this implies that$\frac{2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1}{p}=k^2$$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1=m^2$$$m,k$$ are odd numbers$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1=m^2=4t^2+4t+1$$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}=4t^2+4t$$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}-2}=t(t+1)$so $$t=1$$ and $$p=7$$

30. anonymous

now suppose that $$p$$ is a divisor of $$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1$$$\frac{2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1}{p}(2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1)=n^2$this implies that$\frac{2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1}{p}=k^2$$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1=m^2$now what?

31. anonymous

*my last reply$(2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1)\frac{2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1}{p}=n^2$

32. anonymous

$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1=m^2$m is odd$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1=4t^2+4t+1$$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-2=4t(t+1)$RHS is divisible by 4 but LHS not this implies that $$t=0$$ so $$p=3$$

33. experimentX

here a numeric solution 1-1000 3 7 113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167 173 179 181 191 193 197 199 211 223 227 229 233 239 241 251 257 263 269 271 277 281 283 293 307 311 313 317 331 337 347 349 353 359 367 373 379 383 389 397 401 409 419 421 431 433 439 443 449 457 461 463 467 479 487 491 499 503 509 521 523 541 547 557 563 569 571 577 587 593 599 601 607 613 617 619 631 641 643 647 653 659 661 673 677 683 691 701 709 719 727 733 739 743 751 757 761 769 773 787 797 809 811 821 823 827 829 839 853 857 859 863 877 881 883 887 907 911 919 929 937 941 947 953 967 971 977 983 991 997

34. anonymous

these values makes that expression integer ??

35. experimentX

the above expression is a perfect square.

36. experimentX

between 1000-10000, there is only 1009 1013 1019 1021

37. anonymous

exper are u sure? because p=113 dont makes it a perfect square

38. experimentX

i used this piece of code on matlab clc; p = primes(100000); for i=1:length(p) if rem(sqrt((2^(p(i)-1)-1)/p(i)),1) == 0; disp(p(i)); end; end

39. experimentX

I'm not good with modular arithmetic

40. anonymous

ahh...my guess is right we want this expression$\frac{2^{p-1}-1}{p}$to be a perfect square not an integer...can u write a little code for it?

41. experimentX

IDK how matlab works with big numbers... but that code should give you perfect square. for every prime p, the expression should be an integer by fermat last theorem.

42. anonymous

what is integerpart function in matlab?

43. experimentX
44. anonymous

45. experimentX

Damn

46. experimentX

try viewing with this http://hidemyass.com/

47. experimentX
48. anonymous

i got it

49. anonymous

i think MATLAB cuts the fractional part for big numbers

50. experimentX

might ... how do you know that 2^113 - 1/ 113 is not a perfect square.

51. anonymous

$\sqrt{\frac{2^{112}-1}{113}}=6778608243699229.0869912287347921$

52. experimentX

oh .. they are all primes ... didn't note that. BYW what calculator are you using? this is giving me ... e ....

53. anonymous

lol...my windows calc

54. experimentX

looks like matlab is unable to handle it.

55. anonymous

yeah :/

56. experimentX

i find numbers hard ... especially big numbers ... lol

57. anonymous

:D

58. ganeshie8

$$(2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1)(2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1) = pn^2$$ two cases : case I : $$p \ |\ (2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}-1)$$ => $$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1 = m^2$$ $$m$$ is an odd number $$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1 = m^2 = (2t+1)^2$$ $$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}-2} = m^2 = t(t+1)$$ now what ? we do trial and error is it ? and hw do we knw only one solution exist for this case ?

59. anonymous

$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+1 = m^2 = (2t+1)^2=4t^2+4t+1$$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}} =4t^2+4t=4t(t+1)$$2^{\frac{p-1}{2}-2}=t(t+1)$if $$t>1$$ RHS has a an odd factor but LHS is a power of 2 .. so t=1

60. ganeshie8

wow !! so RHS can have prime factorization in 2 only. beautiful proof muku :)

61. ganeshie8

and second case is obvious !!

62. anonymous