## Loser66 one year ago Which of the following subsets of C are open and which are closed? 1) {z : |z|<1} 2) the real axis 3)$$\{z:z^n =1~~for~~some~~integer~~n\geq 1\}$$ 4)$$\{z\in \mathbb C: z ~~is~~real~~and~~0\leq z<1\}$$ 5) $$\{z\in \mathbb C: z~~is~~real~~and~~0\leq z\leq 1\}$$ Please, help

1. Loser66

@thomas5267

2. Loser66

It is easy to see that 1) is open 2) is open 3) is open 4) is not open nor closed 6) is closed But how to prove them briefly?

3. thomas5267

Not sure, not a set theorist. According to wikipedia, a set is closed if its complement is open. A subset $$U$$ of the Euclidean n-space $$\mathbb{R}^n$$ is called open if, given any point $$x\in U$$, there exists a real number $$\epsilon > 0$$ such that, given any point $$y\in \mathbb{R}^n$$ whose Euclidean distance from x is smaller than $$\epsilon$$, $$y$$ also belongs to $$U$$. Equivalently, a subset U of $$\mathbb{R}^n$$ is open if every point in $$U$$ has a neighborhood in $$\mathbb{R}^n$$ contained in U.

4. thomas5267

So I guess for 1: $S_1=\{z : |z|<1\}\\ \forall x\in S_1,|x-y|<|x|-1\implies y\in S_1$

5. Loser66

|dw:1441998460778:dw|

6. Loser66

You define $$\varepsilon = |x|-1$$, right?

7. thomas5267

Yeah. I am really uncertain about this stuff though. I will be starting my university life (i.e. year 1) in around two weeks time. Ask someone else to check it lol.

8. Loser66

ok, thanks for being here. :)

9. thomas5267

I am not so sure about the real line though. It doesn't seems open to me. No epsilon will work since you can only move in one direction to stay in real line.

10. Loser66

oh, it is closed. I am sorry. Since its complement is open. B = the real axis, it means the imaginary part =0 hence C - B = set of imaginary part is not 0. hence if let x in C - B , $$B(x, imaginary part/2)$$ is belong to C-B, hence B is closed

11. thomas5267

3 also doesn't seems to be open. Its complement should be open with $$\epsilon=\min\{x:k\in \mathbb{Z}^+\land 0\leq k<n,x=|x-z^n|\}$$.

12. thomas5267

What is B(x,imaginarypart/2)?

13. Loser66

The ball with center x and radius = imaginary part of x /2

14. Loser66

if this ball belongs to the set, then the set is open

15. Loser66

|dw:1442000196119:dw|

16. thomas5267

4 is closed since $$\epsilon=\min\{y:k\in \mathbb{R}\land 0\leq k < 1,y=|x-k|\}$$ works for its complement if we are allowed to construct such infinite set.

17. thomas5267

5 is closed by a similar construction.

18. Loser66

Thank you so much. :)

19. Loser66

just one small thing: the epsilon you define always /2 to have radius of the ball.

20. Loser66

because the point is a center. |dw:1442000626403:dw|

21. thomas5267

Actually $S_1=\{z : |z|<1\}\\ \forall x\in S_1,|x-y|<1-|x|\implies y\in S_1\text{ not }|x|-1$ Not so sure about the divide by two part. Since $$\epsilon$$ is the upper bound of the Euclidean distance, it should describe an open disk with radius $$\epsilon$$.

22. Loser66

:)

23. Loser66

have to divide by 2 because if you take x such that |x| = 0.8, then x is in S, right? but 1-|x| = 0.2. hence if you take directly, that is the ball center x, radius 0.2, you get the bound of the circle. I meant the point ON the circle, which is not in S. If you divide by 2, pretty sure that the ball never touch the border. Hence it satisfies the definition of open set. |dw:1442284284660:dw|

24. thomas5267

But $$|x-y|\color{red}{<}\epsilon\implies y\in U$$.

Find more explanations on OpenStudy